München, 2025; Stadt Stuttgart, 2025). For regular e-bikes, local energy providers in cities such as Marburg and Tübingen subsidize e-bike adoption (Stadt Marburg, 2025; Stadt Tübingen, 2025). There are [...] only in a limited capacity in a handful of regions (e.g., DB InfraGO AG, 2025; nextbike, 2025; Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis, 2025). Other European countries do not have nation-wide incentive programs either [...] 104274. Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis (2025). Bergisches e-Bike. url: https://www.rbk-direkt.d e/bergisches-e-bike-rbk.aspx (visited on 03/06/2025). Rijksoverheid (2025). Fiets van de zaak. url: https://www …